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| The advantages and disadvantages of the Sino-US trade war on the rare earth industry | |
| datetime:2019-09-03 Hits:548 | |
Since the beginning of this year, the Sino-US trade war has continued to heat up. Following the June 15th, the Office of the US Trade Representative announced a list of 1,102 sanctions worth $50 billion, and on July 6, began to impose a 25% import tariff on the first batch of $34 billion worth of Chinese goods. Later, on July 10, local time, the US Trade Representative Office announced a new round of taxation list, which plans to impose a 10% tariff on Chinese goods worth 200 billion US dollars. The sanctions are expected to officially land on August 30. American rare earth consumption is highly dependent on China. According to USGS statistics, in 2017, 78% of the total imports of rare earth products from the United States came from China, and the remaining 22% came from Estonia (6%), Japan (4%), France (4%) and others (8%). ), but the primary raw materials for rare earth products imported from Japan, France and other places are also from China. According to China Customs data, in 2017, China's exports of rare earth smelting and separating products to the United States amounted to 14,300 tons, accounting for 27.7% of China's total exports of rare earth smelting and separating products. Among them, 238.5 tons of rare earth metals are exported to the United States, accounting for 4.3% of China's total exports of rare earth metals, accounting for 46% of the total imports of rare earth metals in the United States. Imported varieties are mainly based on strontium; 8809 tons of rare earth oxides are exported to the United States, accounting for China. 29.6% of the total exports of rare earth oxides accounted for 90% of the total imports of rare earth oxides in the United States, and the imported varieties were mainly cerium oxide; 5,988 tons of rare earth compounds were exported to the United States, accounting for 31.8% of the total exports of rare earth compounds in China. The variety is mainly strontium carbonate. In 2017, the United States imported a total of 10,200 tons of antimony, antimony oxide and barium carbonate from China, accounting for 71.5% of the total imports of its smelting and separating products. In terms of the amount, in 2017, China’s export of rare earth smelting and separating products to the United States amounted to US$68.372 million, accounting for 16.4% of the total export value of rare earth smelting and separating products in China. In addition, in 2017, China exported 3,358.05 tons of rare earth permanent magnet materials to the United States, accounting for 11.2% of China's total exports of rare earth permanent magnet materials; the export value was nearly 150 million US dollars, accounting for 10.2% of China's total exports of rare earth permanent magnet materials. According to China's export data on rare earth products in the United States in 2017, the United States has higher dependence on rare earth products in China: unmixed rare earth carbonate, barium carbonate, barium carbonate, other compounds of barium, other compounds of barium, unmixed chlorine Rare earth, cerium oxide and cerium oxide. From the perspective of the rare earth consumption structure in the United States, the catalysts mainly used for automobile exhaust gas purification and petroleum catalytic cracking are the largest downstream applications of rare earths, accounting for 55% of the total consumption of rare earths, and the rare earth elements used in the catalyst are mainly Light rare earth elements such as strontium and barium, which are also consistent with its imported varieties from China. Sino-US trade war has both advantages and disadvantages for the rare earth industry Overall, China's exports of rare earth smelting and separating products to the United States account for less than 30% of China's total exports of rare earth smelting and separation products, and the export value is less than 20%, but for the United States, if traced back to the source, its rare earth Imports are almost entirely from China. According to the report of the "Fragile US Defense Industry Foundation" issued by the US Department of Defense, the United States has an "amazing" dependence on China's key materials. China is the only source of imports of rare earths and energetic materials in the United States. Therefore, the United States imposes a 10% tariff on China's rare earth export products, which has little impact on China's rare earth industry. However, it will increase the cost of raw materials in the US manufacturing industry, and it will not protect its manufacturing industry. It is contrary to its original intention of adding tariffs. Due to the dependence of the United States on the formation of rare earth products in China for many years, it is difficult to find a corresponding number of substitutes in China or outside China in the short term. Even if the current Mountain Pass mine has been trial-produced, if it wants to restore the rare earth smelting and separating industry chain, It is not a good thing, but the supply of rare earth producers outside China is also difficult to provide the corresponding amount of rare earth products. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to the passive situation of changing the supply chain of key minerals and rare metal industries that are highly dependent on China. The United States has taken measures to actively respond and has begun to take action to resolve the key to the entire industrial supply chain in the United States. Mineral supply issues. For example, the Trump administration of the United States has signed an executive order to strengthen the exploration of key minerals in the United States, simplify the transfer and licensing procedures, and expand domestic production. If these reforms are passed, it will help stimulate the increase in investment in the US resource exploration sector. In China, the protection of superior resources may increase the environmental protection and taxation costs of resource-based industries such as tungsten-molybdenum and rare earth. This not only protects the environment, but also promotes the development of rare strategic resources to high-end processing. Therefore, the Sino-US trade war is like a "double-edged sword", which may have some adverse effects on the rare earth industry in the short term, but in the long run, it will force China's rare earth industry to develop from primary products to high-end manufacturing. |
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